Understanding RSV and Bronchiolitis

Understanding RSV and Bronchiolitis: What You Need to Know

As the winter season unfolds, respiratory illnesses become more prevalent, with one particular virus often making headlines: RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus. While RSV is a common virus that most children encounter by the age of two, its potential to cause bronchiolitis and severe respiratory distress in young children and vulnerable adults makes it a condition worth understanding.

What is RSV?

RSV is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, as well as via contaminated surfaces or direct contact. In most people, RSV causes mild, cold-like symptoms, including:

• Runny nose
• Cough
• Fever
• Decreased appetite
• Wheezing or difficulty breathing

For infants, toddlers, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, RSV can lead to more severe complications, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

Who is at Risk?

Certain groups are more susceptible to severe RSV infections and associated bronchiolitis, including:

• Infants, especially those under six months
• Premature babies
• Children with chronic lung or heart conditions
• Individuals with weakened immune systems
• Older adults, particularly those with underlying health conditions

Preventing RSV

While there is no specific antiviral treatment for RSV, prevention plays a critical role. Key strategies include:

• Good hygiene: Regular handwashing and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces can reduce the spread of RSV.
• Limiting exposure: Avoid close contact with sick individuals, especially for babies and high-risk adults.
• Breastfeeding: Provides antibodies that may help protect infants from severe RSV.
• Vaccination: New RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatments have been approved for certain groups, including older adults and infants, offering additional protection.

When to Seek Medical Attention

For most children and adults, RSV resolves on its own with supportive care, such as hydration, rest, and fever management. However, seek medical attention immediately if you notice:

• Signs of difficulty breathing, such as grunting or wheezing
• Blue-tinged lips or fingernails (cyanosis)
• Inability to eat or drink
• Severe fatigue or unresponsiveness

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV).” www.cdc.gov.
2. Mayo Clinic. “RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus).” www.mayoclinic.org.
3. National Health Service (NHS). “Bronchiolitis.” www.nhs.uk.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). “Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).” www.who.int.